MATLAB is available as a software module on Oscar. The default version of MATLAB is loaded automatically when you log in.
The command matlab is actually a wrapper that sets up MATLAB to run as a single-threaded, command-line program, which is the optimal way to pack multiple MATLAB scripts onto the Oscar compute nodes.
If you will only be running one MATLAB script per compute node, you can instead run MATLAB in threaded mode with:
$ matlab-threaded
If you would like to run the MATLAB GUI, for instance in an X-forwarded interactive session, you also need to use the matlab-threaded command, which enables the display and JVM.
You can find an example batch script for running Matlab on an Oscar compute node in your home directory:
~/batch_scripts/matlab_1node.sh
Further reading from Mathworks: